Pulmonary Function Testing
A series of investigation that Include spirometry, lung volumes, and assessment of diffusion capacity.
These different investigations measure how well the lungs are functioning and help with diagnosing
respiratory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other
lung diseases. These tests can also be used to monitor chronic respiratory conditions.
Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) is available and used as an essential investigation tool in the assessment of allergic airways disease. The test measures airway inflammation and is particularly helpful in managing and monitoring eosinophilic airway inflammation in appropriately selected patients.
Skin Prick Tests
A very useful investigation to confirm the clinical suspicion of IgE mediated allergic disorders. Thistest is essential to distinguish between genuine allergy and sensitivity. Both aeroallergens (dustmites, grass pollens, moulds, animal dander) and food allergens (wide variety such as eggs, cow’smilk, wheat, soy, peanuts, tree nuts, and seafood) can be tested. It also helps to determine if allergenspecific immunotherapy is indicated.
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy
This treatment is regarded as a very specific treatment to control the symptoms and possibly
progression of allergic disorders. It is particularly effective in treating allergic rhinitis, allergic
conjunctivitis, and asthma.
This treatment has a success rate of 70-80% in correctly chosen and appropriate patients. The duration of therapy is usually 3 years, and the clinical benefits may last for
5-10 years after completion of the treatment program. The treatment can be given as subcutaneous
injections (SCIT) or sublingually (SLIT) in the form of drops or tablets.
Nasoendoscopy
An essential investigation tool to assess the upper airways of patients with allergic rhinitis, obstructive
sleep apnoea, and vocal cord dysfunction which may have a similar presentation to asthma. The
nasopharynx is also vital to be examined for epistaxis. The procedure provides a clear view of the
upper airway, helping to pinpoint problems that may contribute to breathing, sleep disturbance, or
allergy-related disorders.
Mannitol Challenge (Bronchial Provocation Tests)
A useful investigation to assess whether the airways are more reactive than normal. This test is
useful in diagnosing asthma (airway hyperresponsiveness) including exercise-induced asthma.
Home sleep Study
A diagnostic home study is used as a convenient and effective way to assess for sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). This test allows patients to sleep in the comfort of their own home while the test is being conducted. This test is not only convenient, but also produces reliable diagnostic results to help diagnose sleep apnoea.
Bronchoscopy and Linear EBUS
Bronchoscopy is a common procedural investigation used to assess the airways and lungs. It is performed in the operating theatre or day surgery unit. This tool can be used to assess and evaluate potential causes of persistent cough, haemoptysis, or radiological changes found on chest X-ray or CT scans. Bronchoscopy can obtain deep sputum samples as well as tissue brushings and biopsies if required.
Endobronchial Ultrasound Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (Linear EBUS-TBNA) is an interventional procedure used to help diagnosis and assess causes of lymph node enlargement in the lungs. This procedure is performed in the oeprating theatre and can help diagnose malignant diseases (ie lung cancer), aid in cancer staging, and diagnose granulomatous conditions (such as sarcoidosis).
